Network Segmentation Fundamentals
Network segmentation divides networks into smaller isolated segments, limiting lateral movement and containing security breaches. Effective segmentation reduces attack surface, improves performance, and simplifies compliance by isolating sensitive systems.

Segmentation Approaches
Organizations can implement physical segmentation using separate hardware, logical segmentation with VLANs and routing, or software-defined segmentation using overlay networks. Each approach offers different levels of isolation, flexibility, and cost.
Security Zone Design
Define security zones based on data sensitivity, compliance requirements, and access patterns. Common zones include internet-facing DMZ, corporate internal network, guest network, management network, and high-security zones for critical assets.
Access Control Between Segments
Implement strict access controls between segments using firewalls, access control lists, and security policies. Apply zero-trust principles requiring authentication and authorization for all cross-segment communications, logging all traffic for audit purposes.
Implementation Best Practices
Start with critical assets requiring strongest protection, document segmentation design and policies, use automation for consistent deployment, regularly test segmentation effectiveness, and maintain up-to-date network diagrams showing segment boundaries.
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