File and Folder Encryption

File and Folder Encryption

File Encryption Overview

File and folder encryption protects data at rest on endpoints and servers. Encryption prevents unauthorized access to files on lost/stolen devices, protects against insider threats, and secures sensitive data throughout its lifecycle.

File Encryption

Full Disk Encryption

Full Disk Encryption (FDE) encrypts entire drives using BitLocker (Windows), FileVault (macOS), or LUKS (Linux). FDE provides transparent protection for all data, preventing access without authentication, ideal for laptop and mobile device security.

File-Level Encryption

File-level encryption encrypts individual files or folders, allowing selective protection of sensitive data. Solutions include EFS (Windows), individual file encryption tools, and cloud storage encryption. Provides granular control but requires user discipline.

Enterprise Solutions

Enterprise encryption management platforms centralize key management, enforce encryption policies, provide recovery mechanisms, support multiple platforms, and integrate with identity systems for access control and compliance reporting.

Best Practices

Implement pre-boot authentication for FDE, enable secure key backup and recovery, enforce encryption policies through management tools, protect keys with TPM or HSM, document recovery procedures, and regularly test recovery processes.

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